During his time at CERN Burners-Lee noticed lots of the employees were floating in and out of the famous research institute, many of them temporary. "The big challenge for contract programmers was to try to understand the systems, both human and computer, that ran this fantastic playground," Berners-Lee later wrote. "Much of the crucial information existed only in people's heads." Due to this finding and feeling, he began to write a small program to resolve this issue, the program Enquire was born.

The system enables the users to create “nodes” these were a form of an index card that linked to pages that may have been relevant to the card. This system was built on CERNS own operating system however people saw its potential and thought that it was a good idea, however, a lot didn’t use it. Burners-Lee left CERN not long after the creation of Enquire before making a return year later. This time he improved and reissued his "World Wide Web" project On August 6, 1991, he release an explanation of WWW on the alt.hypertext user group. He also released a code library, libWWW, which he wrote with his assistant Jean-François Groff. The library allowed participants to create their own Web browsers. Follow this Link to see the Email Conversation that happened.
CLICK ME

And from this, the humble web browser was spawned allowing users to use Berners-Lee’s Hyper Text Mark-up Language or HTML to create pages of information, initially of pure text for it to evolve in to images and to today’s net as we know it.

The History of the Man

Factoid:
Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web and Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was dubbed a Knight Commander, Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II during an Investiture in London on Friday, 16 July 2004.

Using your research skills and newly gained information to the use of browsers, create a timeline of the browsers and their evolution.

Getting into 5 groups create an information presentation to assist your class mates, your group will be appointed one of the following
•Group 1 - Tim Burners-Lee and CERN
•Group 2 - First web page
•Group 3 - What he did
•Group 4 - Bibliography
•Group 5 - The Institution he is a key player in still today
 

The information covered on this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

Let us look over the areas of How the internet works, previously in our last sessio we looked over the beginnings of the web and how these are credited to Sir Tim Burners-Lee, however the technology that is used to enable the web to work are a little more widespread.

In order to access the internet as we use it, there are a number of services that we require, these are as follows;

• ISP's or Internet Service Providers

  When we access the internet we tend to simply click on the internet browser of our choice (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Safari, e.t.c) and straight away we find ourselves at the home page of our choice or the default of the browser (in most cases a search engine). But wait! how have we got on to the internet, we all as users must have a subscription to the internet, in most cases these are sold as packages some as bundles these are provided by a number of providers, some well known ones are, Sky, BT and Virgin however these are not limited to the larger company's, you may purchase a subscription from third partys like, Talk Talk, Plusnet and many others.
  
  Each of these providers may have different costs attached to them dependant on what is known as "Bandwidth" and speed.

• web hosting services

  Once signed up with an ISP some provide users with a small area of web space that they can create a simple website to display to the world. However if users wish to create larger sites that have a large number of people visit the site across different times then you may need to pay for a dedicated "Web Host". These host use servers that have a large data storage that is divided up for its clients place thier websites these servers are usually located in vast server farms that are huge air conditioned rooms.
  http://buckitmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/server-farm.jpg
  
  The company's that offer this space will offer packages that enable users to have the space that they require to host thier sites, and then there are packages that allow users to use the space and sell a share of the remaining space to others and this is called a reseller package.
  These packages can be inexpensive and very expensive. Below are some packages that are available.
  

• domain structure

  Domain structures can be broken down into what are known as levels of domains, for instance a top-level domains (TLD) or first-level domains and then the next level being a sub-Level domains (SLD). The most common TLDs are .com, .info, .org and .net. A TLD is also sometimes represented as a country code such as .co.uk, .ei and .fr. SLDs are domains that are created in order to connect a related page to the main website. These SLDs are subdivisions of a TLD that represent the specific product, service, organization or business. They direct someone to a specific part of an existing website and eliminate the need to register a completely separate domain, for example, mail.youcollege.ac.uk.
  
  In the United Kingdom, the third-level domain names are standard and branch off from the second-level domains. For example:

  • .ac.uk - academic (tertiary education, further education colleges and research establishments) and learned societies
  • .co.uk - general use (usually commercial)
  • .gov.uk - government (central and local)
  • .judiciary.uk - courts (to be introduced in the near future)[2]
  • .ltd.uk - limited companies
  • .me.uk - general use (usually personal)
  • .mod.uk - Ministry of Defence and HM Forces public sites
  • .net.uk - ISPs and network companies (unlike .net, use is restricted to these users)
  • .nhs.uk - National Health Service institutions
  • .nic.uk - network use only (Nominet UK)
  • .org.uk - general use (usually for non-profit organisations)
  • .parliament.uk - parliamentary use (only for the UK Parliament and the Scottish Parliament)
  • .plc.uk - public limited companies
  • .police.uk - police forces
  • .sch.uk - Local Education Authorities, schools, primary and secondary education, community education

  
  
  
  http://www.makemyownwebpage.com/sites/default/files/domainname.gif

• Domain Name Registrars

  A domain name registrar is a company or an organization that manages the reservation of Internet domain names. A domain name registrar must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry and/or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry.
  There are a number of these to be found across the internet and some of the prices of the domains can be changable dependant on the extension, for example a .com address may be 3 time the price of a .co.uk address.
  Company's that offer these services also in most cases offer users the ability to purchase web hosing space at the same time as purchasing the domain name. In some instances this may be at a reduced rate as this is part of a bulk transaction.
  
  
  The biggest domain name registry in the UK, responsible for the .uk, .cymru, and .wales top-level domains is a company called, Nominet
  

• Worldwide Web

  The best way to understand is by following this
  

Factoid:
.

Getting in to 5 groups create an informaiton presentation to assist your class mates, you group will be appointed one of the following
•Group 1 -
•Group 2 -
•Group 3 -
•Group 4 -
•Group 5 -

The information covered in this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

Components: hardware eg ; routers; software eg browser, email; Protocols: transport and addressing eg TCP/IP; application layer eg HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP Web functionality: Web 2.0; blogs; online applications; cloud computing Let us look over the areas of Components

In order to access the internet as we use it, there are a number of Components that we require, these are as follows;

• web and proxy servers

  A Web server is a program installed on to a PC or linux system that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients.
  All computers that host Web sites must have Web server program installed on it this system is classified as a server, PC's that connect to these servers to get the webpages is called a client. Leading Web servers include Apache (the most widely-installed Web server), Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) and nginx (pronounced engine X) from NGNIX. Other Web servers include Novell's NetWare server, Google Web Server (GWS) and IBM's family of Domino servers.
  
  

  Whats a Proxy Server and how does it work?

  
  
  

• Routers

  The use of the hardware in the whole process of connecting to the internet is not limited to servers and business equipment. We can select our own hardware to improve our connections between the internet and our devices. Routers are the point in our own homes that we connect to the phone or in cable areas a co-axle feed to connect us to the internet. These devices effectively take our digital signals and convert them to the correct signal for sending. In the instance of Cable areas information is first converted to electrical pulses that are then converted to light pulses that are sent through a Fibre optic cable that connects to an exchange along the way to the desination of the website.
  In the instance of the telephone connection the information is converted from digital signals to electrial pulse that mirror voice sign waves.
  http://pluto.ksi.edu/~cyh/cis370/ebook/ch07b.htm
  
  Routers work at the network layer of the OSI reference model. This means they can switch and route packets across multiple networks. Routers read complex network addressing information in the packet and send information to the correct device based on the ip and mac addresses.
  
  

  How Routers Work

  
  

• software

  When is comes to software for the users we look at the browsers. This is a very saturated market market with lots of available flavours. Chrome, Safari
  
  
  
  
  http://flylib.com/books/2/959/1/html/2/images/mir09f03.jpg

• Email

  
  
  

“What do you know about web 2.0 technology?”


What’s so interesting about this video, is the simple fact that none of these so called digital natives are familiar with the term web 2.0. Although they never had a life without technology, they just don’t know how to describe “it”. So to be shure I’ve rounded up some basics on the evolution of the web. From a historic point of view 1990/1991 is the official birth of the (commercial) Internet, which was available to the general public. From this date on you see al lot of technical and infrastructural evolution. The graphical site evolution of the internet has nice graphics on this evolution.
Web 0.0 – Developping the internet
Web 1.0 – The shopping carts & static web

Experts call the Internet before 1999 “Read-Only” web. The average internet user’s role was limited to reading the information which was presented to him. The best examples of this 1.0 web era are millions of static websites which mushroomed during the dot-com boom (which eventually has led to the dotcom bubble). There was no active communication or information flow from consumer (of the information) to producer (of the information). But the information age was born! According to Tim Berners-Lee the first implementation of the web, representing the Web 1.0, could be considered as the “read-only web.” In other words, the early web allowed users to search for information and read it. There was very little in the way of user interaction or content contribution. […] The first shopping cart applications, which most e-commerce website owners use in some shape or form, basically fall under the category of Web 1.0. The overall goal was to present products to potential customers, much as a catalog or a brochure does — only through a website retailers could also provide a method for anyone (anywhere in the world) to purchase (their) products. […]


Web 2.0 – The writing and participating web

The lack of active interaction of common users with the web lead to the birth of Web 2.0. The year 1999 marked the beginning of a Read-Write-Publish era with notable contributions from LiveJournal (Launched in April, 1999) and Blogger (Launched in August, 1999). Now even a non-technical user can actively interact & contribute to the web using different blog platforms. If we stick to Berners-Lee’s method of describing it, […] the Web 2.0, or the “read-write” web has the […] ability to contribute content and interact with other web users. This interaction and contribution has dramatically changed the landscape of the web […]. It has even more potential that we have yet to see. […] The Web 2.0 appears to be a welcome response to a web users demand to be more involved in what information is available to them. This era empowered the common user with a few new concepts like Blogs, Social-Media & Video-Streaming. Publishing your content is only a few clicks away! Few remarkable developments of Web 2.0 are Twitter, YouTube, eZineArticles, Flickr and Facebook. There are many different views of Web 2.0 depending on who you talk to. […] Developers,[…], have a much more rigid definition of Web 2.0 than average web users, and this can lead to confusion [but I don’t go into this discussion.]

Web 3.0 – The semantic executing web
This in turn leads us to the rumblings and mumblings we have begun to hear about Web 3.0[…]. By extending Tim Berners-Lee’s explanations, the Web 3.0 would be a “read-write-execute” web. However, this is difficult to envision in its abstract form, so let’s take a look at two things […]that will form the basis of the Web 3.0 — semantic markup and web services. Semantic markup refers to the communication gap between human web users and computerized applications. One of the largest organizational challenges of presenting information on the web was that web applications weren’t able to provide context to data, and, therefore, didn’t really understand what was relevant and what was not. [..]. While this is still evolving, this notion of formatting data to be understood by software agents leads to the “execute” portion of our definition, and provides a way to discuss web service. A web service is a software system designed to support computer-to-computer interaction over the Internet. […]. Currently, thousands of web services are available. However, in the context of Web 3.0, they take center stage. By combining a semantic markup and web services, the Web 3.0 promises the potential for applications that can speak to each other directly, and for broader searches for information through simpler interfaces. Web 3.0 – how, why and when. Kate Ray has made a good documentary on web 3.0, and explains realy why we need a semantic web and what the semantic web is all about.


Are we there yet??

It seems we had everything we had wished for in Web 2.0, but it is way behind when it comes to intelligence. Perhaps a six-year-old child has/had better analytical abilities than existing search technologies! Keyword based search of web 2.0 resulted in an information overload. The following attributes are going to be a part of Web 3.0: Contextual Search

• Tailor made Search
• Personalized Search
• Evolution of 3D Web
• Deductive Reasoning

Factoid:
.

Getting in to 5 groups create an informaiton presentation to assist your class mates, you group will be appointed one of the following
•Group 1 -
•Group 2 -
•Group 3 -
•Group 4 -
•Group 5 -

The information covered in this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

2 Understand the factors that influence website performance Security: risks eg hacking, viruses, identity theft Security protection mechanisms: firewalls; Secure Socket Layers (SSL); adherence to standards eg strong passwords Let us look over the User Side Factors

download speed

The download speed is the speed in which something can copy data from the internet to a computer system. The type of service you use can all depend on the download speed, here are some services that can be used:

Dial-Up- Dial up is an old-fashioned way of computer connection. It uses the current analogue telephone line and it has continued to be a popular way of connecting for years. When it first came out it had the average speed of 56kbps.

ISDN- ISDN is formally known as Integrated Service Digital Network. This means that the ISDN is a digital network and it connects in a digital way. It is faster than the dial up at the speed of 128kpbs. It does need to be connected to a digital line for it to work.

DSL- DSL is formally known as Digital Subscriber Line, it uses the digital lines to run quicker the difference between ISDN and DSL is the speed and price. ISDN is cheaper than DSL because DSL is faster than ISDN; DSL has a speed of 1mp – 8mph.

Broadband-Broadband is the fastest with an expected speed of 100mbps (measured in bits per second) in the near future. It is the newest one and many people have broadband over the others. Broadband is constantly changed and improved too keep the speed up.

The following PC performance factors all make a chance to website performance:

Browser- Browser is the type of internet source in which you use. There are many kinds of browsers; the mainly used browsers are Safari and Google chrome. New browsers are being made all the time; there are hundreds to choose from. Different browsers work differently on different computers for example Safari will work best on Apple Mac as it is macs own created browser.

cache memory

Cache Memory-Cache Memory this is the memory in which your computer has. The bigger the memory the faster the computer will run. The cache memory is used to reduce the average time to access memory. The more memory you have the less your computer has to deal with the quicker the system can run. My advice to you to keep your computer performance up is to make sure you do regular disk clean up, defragging and a general clear out at least once a month, but it all depends on how much you use your computer system. A cache memory is a temporary internet file. When you go onto an internet page the it gets saved onto your hard drive this makes it easier for the computer to re-access it when you try to access a site. This take up mmeory and occasionally will need deleting for space.

processor speed

Processor-Processor is the main part of the computer; everything is run by the processor. When purchasing a computer you will see different types of processors and different numbers as such this number is the speed of the processor, an example would be Intel core processor i3 this is a good processor but you can get an i7 which will be faster meaning your computer performance would be excellent compared to the i3. You can have a fast internet connection but you may have a slow processor this would mean that it takes awhile for your internet to load and connect to the pages yet the internet connection is fast. Its deceiving as if you updated your processor your internet would work efficiently.

Let us look over the Server Side Factors

Web server capacity eg available bandwidth

Executions to be performed before page load,

Number of hits;

File types eg bitmap, vector, jpg, gif, wav, mp3; avi, swf

Factoid:

2 Understand the factors that influence website performance risks eg, Let us look over Security Risks

hacking,

viruses,

identity theft

Factoid:
Governement have a specific site set up for information on web legislation and guidance Section 508, Accessability Program

Let us look over Security protection mechanisms

firewalls;

Secure Socket Layers (SSL);

adherence to standards eg strong passwords

Factoid:

The information covered in this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

What you will find as the Expert!!

This is a common issue that you will come up against. You need to educate your clients to the fact that you are the professional in this area and that they are paying you for your experiences and knowledge.
At times you may find that the client explain's a set of designs that appear to be logical in their appearance, however, in practice are impractical and in extreme situations, they are not implementable.

It is the time that you spend at the design stage that saves you time later!

When with your client the expression of the desired design can get lost in translation, you may interpret things slightly differently to how they intended it.

Close your eyes, clear your mind.
You are standing in a field, in the distance are some mountains, there is a tree in the field, underneath the tree are some animals.
Lets discuss the result! (5 min's)

Here is an example of tackling the design of a webpage, it is well worth remembering that in your situation, you should think about your ability and the site that you can create in your assessments.

Balsamiq
Play around with the mockup editor that you have found, or play around with others to create a simple design of a page or pages for a website that you could use as a CV or self-promotional portfolio.(25 min's)

Identification of need: nature of interactivity eg online transactions, static versus dynamic; client needs and user needs eg image, the level of security, development timescales, support, maintenance contracts, costs, visibility on search engines; end user need eg appropriateness of graphics, the complexity of the site, delivery of content.

Client Needs

The client is the person/organisation who runs the site for their own gain be it monetary or membership They need you to design a site that will promote their wares

User Needs

The user needs to be persuaded to come to the site and then return again and again It is hoped that they will ‘Bookmark’ the site and tell others to use the site

Security

Can anyone access the site and for most commercial sites this is the case Is there a need for passwords at the start or for special sections?

Development of Time Scales

These need to be decided with the client at the start of the project and should be written down and agreed by both parties. Failure to do so could bring about legal action where both sides rely on spoken text to try to prove who is right. This could be very costly Support and Maintenance Contracts need to be agreed at the start to ensure that both parties understand what is required Pricing is difficult until the developer has produced a number of sites for various clients charging can be

• By the hour until it is complete
• By each element
• By the whole job

Other elements are likely to be

• Logo design
• Original images including photographs
• Videos
• Search Engine Visibility
• On-line advertising

  End User Needs

  Must be appropriate for the user Complexity of the site must match the user's competence Ensuring that the user's needs and clients needs are compatible

  Interactivity

  Websites today are usually a mixture of both ‘Static’ and ‘Dynamic’ functions.
  More information on Static and Dynamic Sites.
  
  
  

  Techniques that can be used on web pages to aid user access to information

  
  It is key that every effort is made to ensure that all users are considered in the creation and design of a website. Users to the site may suffer from disabilities that are common, such as colour blindness and blindness. It is your responsibility as the developer and designer to take this section of society in into account when planning a site.
  There is a number of legislation that covers this area, this includes, The Discrimination Act.
  
  Information for developers can be found in the following areas,
  WAI = Web Accessibility Initiative.
  Bobby Compliancy

  Easy win's in ways to make your webpages and sites accessible to all would be to include the following,

  • Static only websites tend to loose users, however
  • Too much will probably make the client feel overwhelmed
  • Too little will probably make the client feel underwhelmed
  • leading to negative user feedback
  • E-Commerce sites will need two areas
  • A catalogue area
  • A payment area

Meta tags - These tags are used to allow web crawlers to index pages accordingly. Meta Tags look like the following, 

  <meta charset="UTF-8">   - This outlines the character set that is used on the page
  <meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials">   - This is the description of the content on the pages
  <meta name="keywords" content="HTML,CSS,XML,JavaScript">   - This is the keywords that best describe the site and are used as part of the indexing of the site
  <meta name="author" content="John Doe">   - This is the creator of the site
 

The information covered on this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

Design tools

Design tools are used to assits web designers and developers to provide users and clients of the visual apperiance and hierarchy of a website, a number of concepts are used at the design stages these are;

• mood boards, often used to enable designers to gather ideas and themes accross a website moodboards are a collection of images displaying fonts, colours, product images and textures. Commonly used by brides to be these design tools enable the others to understand the desired feel of the ocassion or site. Below is an example of a moodboard used in different situations
  
  http://cdn.onextrapixel.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/moodboard1.jpg
  http://www.weddingtv.com/theme/4d13ad1add4145075700001e/moodyellabdnvlack.jpg
  http://www.webdesignstuff.co.uk/fj101/files/2011/12/2.jpg
• storyboarding; layout techniques eg frames, tables, block level containers (DIV), inline containers (SPAN); templates; colour schemes; screen designs; other eg outline of content
  The use of storyboarding in webdesign really enpowers the designers to present to the client the location of elements in the webpages and to enable the potential web developers to take the designs and understand the positions of things like, tables, block level containers known as DIV tags or commonly known as dividers, inline containers known as SPANs, the prefered colour selection for thing such as backgrounds and text.
  An example of a storyboard is demonstrated below,
  
  http://www.webdesignstuff.co.uk/fj101/files/2011/12/1.jpg
  The storyboard above was an actual design that i created durring my Masters degree studies, this storyboard was designed and linked to the third moodboard above, and then went on to create the website on the below link.
  Biscuit Web Site

Create a simple design of a web page using Balsamiq, use this as a chance to practice before your assessments. Balsamiq

What are frames, tables, block level containers (DIV), inline containers (SPAN); templates; colour schemes; screen designs

Well these are elements with HTML that enable a website to be presented and formated in a certain way. The understanding of what these are and how that they function will enable you to create a design that will functionally work.

• Frames
• Tables
• Block Level Containers (div)
• Inline containers (span)
• Templates
• Colour schemes
• Screen Designs

Frames

Tables

Block Level Containers (div)

Inline containers (span)

Templates

Colour schemes

Screen Designs

Software: markup languages eg HTML; client side scripting languages eg JavaScript, VBScript; features and advantages of software languages; software development environments

The information covered in this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

Pseudocode

Definitions

Etymologies

What is it?

Pseudocode is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm. It uses the structural conventions of a programming language, but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading. This is a useful method of describing the function of an element to non IT literate individuals. Using structured english the stages of the operation are detailed.

Example Pseudocode for an Alert box

When submit button is clicked
"Is data valid?"
If 'yes' goto new page
If 'no' show alert box "Please fill in the field."
return to input box

Actual code

The information covered in this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.

MORE TO COME

Keep posted

The information covered in this page covers the knowledge and understanding linked to the criterion in the table below.