week 8

Learning Aims and Objectives:
Aim: In this week's page, students will learn .

Objectives:
1. By the end of this week's page students will be able to

2. By the end of the week's page students will be able to

3. By the end of the week's page students will be able to

4. By the end of the week's page students will be able to

5. By the end of the week's page students will be able to

The Internet

The Internet, the digital platform that none of us can bare to be without! However it is worth remembering that the internet is not limited to the web, it includes email, data storage and wireless networking.
The evolution of the internet is said to have begun in the 1960's where small US government sites (mostly army) were linked via a network that enabled messages to be sent between them, it was created in responce to tensions between the US and the USSR commonly known as the cold war.

We must first fully understand how the internet works before we go any further. The internet comprises of a number of interconnected computers, these systems have software installed on them that enables them to view information (client) or to present information (server).
These systems are connected to make up a network called a WAN or Wide Area Network. These links go between servers and hosts to create a web of links, that enable users to request information for a website that may be stored on a server located the other side of the world.

Now that we have some understanding to the connections between servers and the clients we should look to the terms and vocabulary that are commonly used.

Point of Presence (PoP)

This term relates to the location or presence of the required hardware that is used to allow the users of the internet to connect too the internet. At this point ISP, or Internet Service Providers may have a number of PoP's in small geographical area to ensure good internet access.

Network Access Point(NAP)

This term relates to the networks on the internet that enable ISP's to interchange their connections with other ISP's Service Providers may have a number of PoP's in small geographical area to ensure good internet access.

Internet Protocol (IP)

This protocol is used to move packets of data across the internet. The packets is an individual unit that information and data is carried in, these packets of data have other elements to them that enable the required information to know where to return to and in what order it is to be put back together again in. It is worth remember that the data that is sent back to a user from a server can take different routes to other bits of the data sent back.
IP is part of the other function which deals with Transmission Control Protocol or TCP to organise the messages in to internet packets

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

This is a protocol that is used to take the information from users applications or programs to then pass it on to the IP to send it across the internet. This process is repeated at the destination but in reverse. Because of the direct link and nature of this protocol to the Internet Protocol (IP) they are combined to create TCP/IP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

This protocol is the stanard used to enable the transfer of files between two computer systems. This allows people like web developers to create a website on thier computers and then once happy for them to send it to the web server using FTP. These web servers then host the website for the worlds users to access.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Internet Service Providers are the companys that allow users to access the internet. These company's offer packages to users enabling them play games, read the news or to send emails. This then allows users to pay for the type of users that they are, heavy, mild or occasional users.

ACTIVITY:
In small groups of 3 list the devices that you would consider to be able to access online services. (5 Min's)

Internet Make-up

internet-connection
http://oer.nios.ac.in/

The internet is a large network that is made up of lots of networks. These networks are inter-connnected to create large networks that allow users to navigate through to reach the location of the information, or web page that they require.
Below is a simple image of the infrustucture of the internet from a small scale point of view.

https://open-stand.org

The image diplays well the connections between servers and clients in the internet system, it is worth remembering what these elements are and understanding what they do.

Server

Servers are used to store data and files. These machines are used direclty to serve other computers called clients. These Machines run specific software to enable the connection of other machines to it and to send information to them from it.
Withing the internet and inside small company networks servers can take a number of roles, these are

Email server
Web server
File server
Print server

Client

These are computer systems that are used to connect to servers to enable access to files, printing and email.

Router

This is a hardware device that is used to connect to the internet. This device takes the messages recived back from the internet and routes it to the device that requested it. Routers have other operations that look at security and check that the information or "packets" of data are not virues or trojans.

Connecting Backbone

This is the connection between large networks on the internet and other networks in other areas. The internet covers the globe and some countrys are islands and require the connection of a physical cable to enable this connection.
Below is a map of these connections.

http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Technology/Pix/pictures/2008/02/01/SeaCableHi.jpg

How to connect to the internet?

Broadband Connection

Now that we have some understanding to the make up of the internet and the structure of the most common part of the network lets look at how we can connect to the internet.
We know and understand that we use a different devices on the internet, however at times we use them without consideration. The most common way of connecting to internet is via Broadband, this is a wired connection that in most cases requires a machine to have a Network Interface Card or NIC to connect to a modem that connects to an ISP. The advantage of this direct wired connection is that the users can experiance a mostly reliable service and at high speeds, however the disadvantages of this is that the users are limited to single physical location.

Wireless Connection

Wireless connections to the internet are where the device requesting the information is not connected physically to another element of hardware. This is common of mobile phones and some tablet computers. The benefit of using wireless connections are that the users is able to move about with the device to an number of location, and it not reliant on a static piece of hardware. The drawbacks of this is that a number of locations are outside of the wireless signal, the speeds in which the data is sent can be extreamly slow and the connections are less secure than that of wired.

Dial-up Connection

ACTIVITY:

FACTIOD:

Last Updated
2024-08-30 10:15:11

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English

Maths

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